NBCSN Nationally Certified School Nurse Practice Exam

Chronic anemia in patients with a weak immune system infected with parvovirus B19 is primarily caused by decreased production of red blood cells. Parvovirus B19 specifically targets erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which are responsible for producing red blood cells. When these cells are destroyed or their production is halted due to the viral infection, it leads to a significant decrease in red blood cell count, resulting in anemia.

Patients with compromised immune systems, such as those with sickle cell disease or other chronic illnesses, are particularly vulnerable because they already have a reduced capacity to produce red blood cells. When parvovirus B19 infection occurs, the combination of an already fragile hematopoietic system and the direct impact of the virus on red cell production can lead to severe anemia that persists over time.

Understanding this mechanism is essential for recognizing the implications of parvovirus B19 in vulnerable populations and underscores the importance of monitoring hemoglobin levels and managing anemia in affected individuals.